World Football History

Football history is the history of a game that eventually evolved into an amazing sports phenomenon.

History of football as a sport started the 2nd century and the 3rd BC in China. During the Han dynasty, the public dribble kicked skin with small nets and called Tsu Chu. The game was contested for the physical training of soldiers and the Emperor's birthday. A similar game played in Japan with the title Come. In Italy, the game kicking and carrying the ball is also popular, especially start of the 16th century.

Modern football began to develop in the UK and became very popular. In some competitions, the game generated a lot of violence during the game so that the end of King Edward III banned the sport was played in 1365. King James I of Scotland also support a ban to play football.

In the Year 1815, a major cause of football development became famous in the university and the school environment. The birth of modern football occurred in the Freemasons Tavern in 1863 when 11 schools and clubs gathered to formulate basic rules for the game of football. At the same time a clear separation between the rugby football. In 1869 brings the ball with his hands on the football started prohibited. During the 1800s, the sport was brought by sailors, merchants, and British troops to various parts of the World.

Asosiation Federation Internationale de Football (FIFA)

In 1904, the highest association football world began to be formed under the name of FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). FIFA was formed on May 21, 1904, and has the slogan For The Game. For The World. FIFA is based in Zurich, Switzerland. FIFA is the international football governing baddan Boal, FIFA also promotes football, regulate the transfer of players between teams, giving the title of FIFA World Player and FIFA world rankings list published each month.

There is one of the most important competitions organized by FIFA in the world of international football that is the World Cup Football is often called the World Cup alone (formerly Indonesia had joined the know). World Cup finals tournament is a showcase of the most watched sport in the world even more than the Olympics.

Notions in Football

Football is a ball game played by two teams, each consisting of 11 people.

A. Rules football
Official rules football game (Laws / Rules of the Game) is:

Rule 1: Field football
Rule 2: Ball
Rule 3: Number of Players
Rule 4: Equipment Players
Rule 5: Referees are set matches
Rule 6: The assistant referee
Rule 7: Old Games
Rule 8: Balls Out and In the Field
Rule 9: How to Get Figures
Rule 10: Offside
Rule 11: Breach
Rule 12: Free kick
Rule 13: Kick
Rule 14: Shot in the
Rule 15: Goal kick

In addition to international rules above, the decisions of the Regional Football Association Board (IFAB) others also add rules in football.

B. The purpose of the game Football

Two teams, each consisting of 11 people fighting to insert a round ball into the opponent's goal ("scoring"). The team that scored more goals is the winner (usually within 90 minutes, but there are other ways to determine a winner if a tie). will be held 2x 15 minutes extra time and if the result is still the accretion time series will be held on penalties which each team will be given five times the chance to kick the ball toward the goal from the penalty spot inside the goalkeeper area until the results can be determined. Regulation of the most important in achieving this goal is the players (except the goalkeeper) must not touch the ball with their hands while it is in the game.

C. Games Football
The tactics used by the football clubs are as follows:

4-4-2 (classic: four fullbacks / skipper)
4-4-2 (with two winger)
4-4-1-1 (2 pairs winger, attacking midfielder and striker one single)
4-2-4 (2 wings)
4-3-2-1 (3 central midfield players, two attacking midfielders and a lone striker)
4-3-1-2 (4 defenders, 3 defensive midfielders, 1 attacker hole, 2 strikers)
4-5-1 (4 defenders, 2 wings, 3 midfielders, strikers 1)
4-3-3 (4 defenders, 3 defensive midfielders, two strikers wings, one central striker)
4-2-3-1 (2 central defenders, two fullbacks, 2 winger, 1 attacker holes, 1 striker)
4-3-3 (2 fullbacks, two central defenders, two wings, one defensive midfielder, 3 central striker)
4-1-4-1 (four defenders, one defensive midfielder, 4 midfielders, strikers 1)
3-4-3 (with winger)
3-5-2 (with libero / sweeper)
3-5-2 (without libero / sweeper)
3-6-1
5-4-1

Tactics used by a team always change depending on the conditions that occur during the game progresses. In essence there are three tactics used were; Defense, Attack, and Normal.

D. Official Football

A match was ruled by a referee who has "full authority to run the game as Game Rules in a game that has diutuskan him" (Rule 5), and the decisions that match the issuance considered final. The referee is assisted by two assistant referees (formerly called the judge / linesman). In much of the match referee is also assisted by a fourth official who can replace a more official if required.In addition they also need tools to help the game such as:

board replacement players
tables and chairs

E. Rules Football

A. Field Football game

Standard field size

Size: length of 100-110 m wide x 64-75 m
Boundary lines: the line width ... cm, which touch on the side line, goal line at the ends, and transverse center of the field; ... M the middle of the circle; there is no barrier or board
Penalty area: arc measuring 18 m from each post
Penalty line: ... m from the midpoint of the goal line
The second penalty line: ... m from the midpoint of the goal line
Turnover Zone: area ... m (... m on each side of the center line of the field) on the stands side of the pitching
Hurdles: 7 m width x height 2.5 m
Surface area of pitching: smooth, flat, and not abrasive

B. ball

Size: 68-70 cm
Circumference: 10 cm
Weight: 410-450 grams
Bounce: 1000 cm on the first reflection
Material: rubber or synthetic rubber (artificial)

C. team

Maximum number of players to start a game: 11, one keeper
Maximum number of players out of the field (not including injuries): 4
Maximum number of reserve players: 12
Number of referees: 1
Total linesman: 2-4
Limit the number of substitutions: 3 except test match

D. Supplies game

Shirts numbered (since 1954)
shorts
sock
Shin guards
Footwear rubber bersolkan

E. Old games

Old Normal: 2 × 45 minutes
Long break: 15 minutes
Long extension of time: 2 × 15 minutes (if the result is still a draw after 2 x 45 minutes of normal time)
There is a penalty shootout if the number of goals both teams finished the series in overtime.
Time-outs: 1 per team per round; none in extra time
The turn round time: maximum 15 minutes

Referee as a measure of official time

The referee who officiated assisted a number 1 and 2 as a linesman. Then the referee assisted backup help in case of substitutions and announced additional time. At the 2006 World Cup, officials used to-five. The use of two referees had been tried in copa italia.Penggunaan 4 linesman reportedly also tested in the 2010 World Cup, where 2 of them are behind the goal.

G. Experiments using the golden goal and silver goal

See: Silver goal; Golden goal.

In the late 1990s, the IFAB trying to make the game more likely to end without requiring a penalty shootout, which is often regarded as a less precise way to end the game.

An example is the silver goal system that ended the game if a goal is scored in the first overtime, and the golden goal that ended the game if a goal is scored in the second overtime.

Both of these systems have been discontinued by IFAB.

H. major international championship

The biggest international championship soccer World Cup is organized by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association. The World Cup is held every four years. More than 190 national team competed in the regional qualifying tournament for a spot in the finals. Tournament finals are held for four weeks now involves 32 national team (up from 24 in 1998).
Major international championships in every continent are:

Europe: European Cup or known by the name of Euro
South America: Copa América
Africa: African Cup of Nations
Asia: Asian Cup
North America: CONCACAF Gold Cup
Oceania: OFC Nations Cup

I. World Cup mini (Confederations Cup)

The event rate of the biggest clubs in Europe is the Champions League, while in South America is the Copa Libertadores. In Asia, the Asian Champions League is the biggest club-level tournament.

Football has been played in the Olympics since 1900 (except for the 1932 Olympic Games in Los Angeles). Originally this was only to amateur players, but since the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics professional players also started to come into play, along with the rules that prevented states rather than play their strongest team. At this time, the men's Olympic tournament for the U-23 tournament which may ditamnbahi 3 players above the age. As a result, the tournament does not have international interests and prestige are the same as the World Cup, or even with the Euro, the Copa America or Africa Cup of Nations.

In contrast, the Olympic tournament for women carrying almost the same prestige as the FIFA Women's World Cup; The tournament is played by international teams complete without age restrictions.

J. Football in Indonesia

The game of football in Indonesia are also growing rapidly. It is characterized by the establishment of Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI) in 1930 in Yogyakarta, chaired by Soeratin Sosrosoegondo. To appreciate his services, starting in 1966 held Soeratin Cup football championship (Soeratin Cup) football championship level that teenage cadets. Until now the football game favored by almost all levels of society in Indonesia.