Athletics is a combination of several types of exercise that can be broadly grouped into running, throwing, and jumping. This word comes from the Greek word "athlon" meaning "contest". Athletics is a sport competed at the first Olympic games in 776 BC. Parent organization for athletic sports in Indonesian is PASI (Indonesian Athletics Association).
History,
Athletics was the original event at the first Olympics in 776 BC where the only event is race or stade. There are several "Games" held during the classical era Europe: Panhellenic Games The Pythian Games (starting 6 BC) held in Argolid every two years. The Isthmian Games (founded 523 BC) held on the Isthmus of Corinth every two years. The Roman Games Coming from a purely Greek roots, the Roman games deemphasized run and throw. Instead of chariot racing and wrestling like Greek, Etruscan sports wear galiatoral battle, which also equally 527 BC held in Delphi every four years. The Nemean Games (starting 51 wear stage). Other communities enjoyed athletic contests, like the Celtic, Teutonic, and the Goths who also favored the Romans. However, these were often associated with combat training. In medieval times the son of a nobleman will be trained in running, fighting and grappling and additional riding, archery and weapons training. Contests between rivals and friends are very common in formal and informal arenas.
In the 19th century the formal organization of the modern event begins. This includes the regular sports and exercise into school regimes. The Royal Military College, Sandhurst has claimed to use this first in 1812 and 1825 but without any real evidence. The meeting was organized at Shrewsbury, Shropshire in 1840 by the Royal Shrewsbury School Hunt. There are details of the meeting series, written 60 years later by CT Robinson who was a pupil there from 1838 to 1841. eeck Military Academy at Woolwich held a competition organized in 1849, but the first regular series of meetings was held at Exeter College, Oxford from 1850.
Modern athletics are usually organized around 400m on the track in nearly all the events take place. Field events (jumping and throwing) usually wears a place in the track. Athletics was included in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 and formed the basics then. Women were first allowed to participate in track and field events in the Olympics in 1928. An international governing body, the IAAF was founded in 1912. The IAAF established separate outdoor World Championships in 1983. There are several games and the European Championships, the Pan-American Games and the Commonwealth Games. In addition there are professional Golden League circuit, cumulating in the IAAF World Athletics Final and indoor championships such as the World Indoor Championships. The sport has a high profile during major championships, especially the Olympics, but others are less popular.
AAU (Amateur Athletic Union) is the governing body in the United States until it collapsed under the pressure of professionalism at the end of 1970. A new body called The Athletics Congress (TAC) was formed, and eventually was named USA Track and Field (USATF or USA T & F). An additional, more structured organization, the Road Runners Club of America (RRCA) also exists in the USA to promote road racing. In modern times, athletes can now receive money from the race, ending called "amateurism" that existed previously.
Indoor track and field
There are two seasons in track and field. There is an indoor season, during the winter and an outdoor season, held during the spring and summer. Most indoor tracks are 200 meters and consists of four to six lanes. Often an indoor track will have banked turns to compensate for tight bends. In indoor track athletes competing at the outdoor track events with the exception of the 100 m and 110 / 100m hurdles haling (replaced with 60m and 60m sprint hlang hurdles at most levels and sometimes the 55m sprint and 55m hurdles at the high school level) and run 10,000 m, brisk walking 300m, and 400m hurdles haling. Indoor also got an additional 3,000 m run normally at both the collegiate and elite instead of the 10,000. 5.000m marathon is an event run by far the most common, although there are situations where longer distances have been raced. In the mid-20th century, there was a duel race series at Madison Square Garden (New York) indoor track, some featuring two men racing a marathon (26.2 miles). However, this is very rare. In certain circumstances, there is also a 500m race than 400 m normally found outdoors, and on-campus championships indoors both are contested.
In the field events, indoor meets only feature the high jump, pole vault, long jump, triple jump and shoot. Sheet javelin, hammer and discus throws bullets are added only for outdoor, there is normally not enough space in an indoor stadium in the race. Events unique to indoor meets (especially in North America) are weight throw 300, 600, 1000 and 35 pounds. In other countries, notably Norway, standing long jump and high jump stand also contested, bahkn in the National Championship for multi-event athletes there is the Pentathlon for women (consisting of 60m hurdles, long jump, shot put and 800m) and heptathlon for men (ie 60m hurdles, long jump, shot put, 60m run, pole vault and 1000m run) indoor. For existing outdoor heptathlon and decathlon for women
Outdoor track and field
Outdoor track and field season usually begins and ends during the spring. Most of the track is oval to 400m circumstances. However, some older tracks are 440 yards in length, where there are some tracks that are not oval and not 400m / 440 yards due to geographical circumstances. Modern trajectory with a rubberized surface, and the older tracks use sand or gravel. Tracks normally 6-10 lines and can include a step and sewer lines at one of the turns. This steeplechase pit outside or inside the track, making a tighter turn or width. It is common that tracks will surround a playing field used for American football, soccer, or lacrosse. In this field generally known in the field and a surface wear artificial grass or carpet, and a team diaman long held a camp for the tournament. But the javelin, hammer and discus are usually contested off the field in another field because it requires a large amount of space, and implementation may be used to damage the field or track.
event
There are other variations besides the ones listed below, but races of unusual length (eg 300 m) held less frequently. Unusual races are typically held during indoor season due to 200m indoor track. With the exception of a mile run, races based on imperial distances are rarely held at the track since most of the track changed from a quarter mile (402,3m) to 400m. Almost all the record for distance kingdom has been discontinued. However, the IAAF record book still includes the mile world record (held by Hicham El Guerrouj of Morocco and Svetlana Masterkova of Russia for women) due to the significant difference worldwide.
- Running Event event-driven run on the track 400m.
- Sprint: events including 400m. Common event is 60m (indoor only), 100m, 200m and 400m.
- Distance Medium: events from 800m to 3000m, 800m, 1500m, a mile and 3000m.
- Steeplechase - a race (usually 300m) in which runners must negotiate barriers and water obstacles.
- Long distance: running above 5000 m. Usually 5000 m and 10000 m. less common are 1, 6, 12, 24 hours race.
- Obstacle: 110 m high hurdles (100m for women) and 400 m haling intermediate hurdles (300 m in some high school).
- Relay: 4 x 100m relay, 4 x 400 m relay, 4 x 200 m relay, 4 x 800 m relay, etc. Some events, such as the medley relay, the relay carnival rarely run except large.
-Running the streets: held on the open road, but usually end on the track. Regular event is 5km, 10km, half-marathon and marathon.
- Fast road race regular event is 10km, 20km and 50km.
-Field events
In the 19th century the formal organization of the modern event begins. This includes the regular sports and exercise into school regimes. The Royal Military College, Sandhurst has claimed to use this first in 1812 and 1825 but without any real evidence. The meeting was organized at Shrewsbury, Shropshire in 1840 by the Royal Shrewsbury School Hunt. There are details of the meeting series, written 60 years later by CT Robinson who was a pupil there from 1838 to 1841. eeck Military Academy at Woolwich held a competition organized in 1849, but the first regular series of meetings was held at Exeter College, Oxford from 1850.
Modern athletics are usually organized around 400m on the track in nearly all the events take place. Field events (jumping and throwing) usually wears a place in the track. Athletics was included in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 and formed the basics then. Women were first allowed to participate in track and field events in the Olympics in 1928. An international governing body, the IAAF was founded in 1912. The IAAF established separate outdoor World Championships in 1983. There are several games and the European Championships, the Pan-American Games and the Commonwealth Games. In addition there are professional Golden League circuit, cumulating in the IAAF World Athletics Final and indoor championships such as the World Indoor Championships. The sport has a high profile during major championships, especially the Olympics, but others are less popular.
AAU (Amateur Athletic Union) is the governing body in the United States until it collapsed under the pressure of professionalism at the end of 1970. A new body called The Athletics Congress (TAC) was formed, and eventually was named USA Track and Field (USATF or USA T & F). An additional, more structured organization, the Road Runners Club of America (RRCA) also exists in the USA to promote road racing. In modern times, athletes can now receive money from the race, ending called "amateurism" that existed previously.
Indoor track and field
There are two seasons in track and field. There is an indoor season, during the winter and an outdoor season, held during the spring and summer. Most indoor tracks are 200 meters and consists of four to six lanes. Often an indoor track will have banked turns to compensate for tight bends. In indoor track athletes competing at the outdoor track events with the exception of the 100 m and 110 / 100m hurdles haling (replaced with 60m and 60m sprint hlang hurdles at most levels and sometimes the 55m sprint and 55m hurdles at the high school level) and run 10,000 m, brisk walking 300m, and 400m hurdles haling. Indoor also got an additional 3,000 m run normally at both the collegiate and elite instead of the 10,000. 5.000m marathon is an event run by far the most common, although there are situations where longer distances have been raced. In the mid-20th century, there was a duel race series at Madison Square Garden (New York) indoor track, some featuring two men racing a marathon (26.2 miles). However, this is very rare. In certain circumstances, there is also a 500m race than 400 m normally found outdoors, and on-campus championships indoors both are contested.
In the field events, indoor meets only feature the high jump, pole vault, long jump, triple jump and shoot. Sheet javelin, hammer and discus throws bullets are added only for outdoor, there is normally not enough space in an indoor stadium in the race. Events unique to indoor meets (especially in North America) are weight throw 300, 600, 1000 and 35 pounds. In other countries, notably Norway, standing long jump and high jump stand also contested, bahkn in the National Championship for multi-event athletes there is the Pentathlon for women (consisting of 60m hurdles, long jump, shot put and 800m) and heptathlon for men (ie 60m hurdles, long jump, shot put, 60m run, pole vault and 1000m run) indoor. For existing outdoor heptathlon and decathlon for women
Outdoor track and field
Outdoor track and field season usually begins and ends during the spring. Most of the track is oval to 400m circumstances. However, some older tracks are 440 yards in length, where there are some tracks that are not oval and not 400m / 440 yards due to geographical circumstances. Modern trajectory with a rubberized surface, and the older tracks use sand or gravel. Tracks normally 6-10 lines and can include a step and sewer lines at one of the turns. This steeplechase pit outside or inside the track, making a tighter turn or width. It is common that tracks will surround a playing field used for American football, soccer, or lacrosse. In this field generally known in the field and a surface wear artificial grass or carpet, and a team diaman long held a camp for the tournament. But the javelin, hammer and discus are usually contested off the field in another field because it requires a large amount of space, and implementation may be used to damage the field or track.
event
There are other variations besides the ones listed below, but races of unusual length (eg 300 m) held less frequently. Unusual races are typically held during indoor season due to 200m indoor track. With the exception of a mile run, races based on imperial distances are rarely held at the track since most of the track changed from a quarter mile (402,3m) to 400m. Almost all the record for distance kingdom has been discontinued. However, the IAAF record book still includes the mile world record (held by Hicham El Guerrouj of Morocco and Svetlana Masterkova of Russia for women) due to the significant difference worldwide.
- Running Event event-driven run on the track 400m.
- Sprint: events including 400m. Common event is 60m (indoor only), 100m, 200m and 400m.
- Distance Medium: events from 800m to 3000m, 800m, 1500m, a mile and 3000m.
- Steeplechase - a race (usually 300m) in which runners must negotiate barriers and water obstacles.
- Long distance: running above 5000 m. Usually 5000 m and 10000 m. less common are 1, 6, 12, 24 hours race.
- Obstacle: 110 m high hurdles (100m for women) and 400 m haling intermediate hurdles (300 m in some high school).
- Relay: 4 x 100m relay, 4 x 400 m relay, 4 x 200 m relay, 4 x 800 m relay, etc. Some events, such as the medley relay, the relay carnival rarely run except large.
-Running the streets: held on the open road, but usually end on the track. Regular event is 5km, 10km, half-marathon and marathon.
- Fast road race regular event is 10km, 20km and 50km.
-Field events
- Event throw
- Shot put
- Shot put
- Javelin
- Throwing
- Event jump
- High jump
- Pole vault
- Long jump
- Triple jump
- Which is very unusual
- Standing high jump
- Standing long jump
- Standing triple jump
- Double event or combination
- Triathlon / Triathlon
- Pentathlon / Pentathlon
- heptathlon
- Decathlon / Decathlon
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