"HARI PAHLAWAN"

HARI PAHLAWAN 10 November 1945

 

After the killing of Brigadier General Mallaby , his successor , Major General Robert Mansergh issued an ultimatum stating that all leaders and the Indonesian armed to report and put the gun in the specified place and surrendered with arms raised . Limit ultimatum is at 6:00 am November 10, 1945 .

Ultimatum is then taken as an insult to the fighters and the people who have formed many agencies struggle / militia . The ultimatum was rejected by the Indonesian side of the Republic of Indonesia on the grounds that it was already established , and the People's Security Army TKR also been established as the state forces . In addition , many organizations have formed an armed struggle of society , including among the youth , students and students who opposed the re-entry of the Dutch government who ride with the presence of British troops in Indonesia .

On November 10 morning, the British army began a large-scale attack, which begins with the aerial bombing of government buildings to Surabaya, and then deployed about 30,000 infantry, a number of aircraft, tanks, and ships.

England then bombard the city of Surabaya with cannon from the sea and land. Resistance forces and Indonesian militia then raged across the city, with the active assistance of the population. Involvement of residents in this battle resulted in thousands of civilians falling victim in the attack, either dead or wounded.

Bung Tomo in Surabaya, one of the revolutionary leaders of Indonesia's most respected. This famous photograph for many people involved in the Indonesian National Revolution represents the soul of Indonesia's main revolutionary struggle that time.

Despite allegations that the British suspect that Surabaya can be conquered within three days, the young community leaders like Bung Tomo pioneers which have great impact on the community continues to drive the spirit of resistance youths Surabaya so that the resistance continues in the middle of a large-scale attack Britain.

Religious figures consisting of scholars and clerics among clerics cottage Java-like KH. Hasyim Ashari, KH. Wahab Hasbullah and other pesantren leaders also exert their students and civil society as a militia resistance (at that time the public is not so obedient to the government but they are more docile and obedient to the clerics) shingga Indonesia longstanding opposition party, from day to day, from week to week to another. Popular resistance initially spontaneous and uncoordinated, increasingly organized. This large-scale battle reaches up to three weeks, before the whole city of Surabaya, eventually falling in the hands of the British.

At least 6.000 to 16.000 of the Indonesian fighters were killed and 200,000 civilians displaced from Surabaya. Victims of British and Indian troops roughly a 600 - 2000 soldiers. Bloody battle in Surabaya, which took thousands of lives have been moving around the Indonesian people's resistance to repel the invaders and defend freedom. The number of fighters who died and civilians who were victims of the 10th day of November later remembered as Heroes Day by the Republic of Indonesia until now.