History Games Volleyball

The reader must have known and heard what was the volleyball game?. actually already in the know yet what the heck it Volleyball, if being not to know I love ya insight into what it actually Volleyball. volleyball in the know with the name mintonette. Mintonette sport was first discovered by a physical education instructor (Director of Phsycal Education) named William G. Morgan in the YMCA on February 9, 1895, in Holyoke, Massachusetts (USA).

William G. Morgan was born in Lockport, New York in 1870, and died in 1942. The YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) is an organization dedicated to teaching the basic Christian teachings to the youth, as it has been taught by Jesus . This organization was established on June 6, 1884 in London, England by George William. After meeting with James Naismith (the creator of the sport of basketball, who was born on November 6, 1861, and died on November 28, 1939), Morgan invented a new sport called Mintonette.
http://volimaniak.blogspot.com/
Similarly, James Naismith, William G. Morgan also dedicated his life as a physical education instructor. William G. Morgan who is also a graduate of Springfield College of the YMCA, creating Mintonette game is four years after the creation of the sport of basketball games by James Naismith. Sports Mintonette game is actually a game that was created by combining several types of games. Precisely, Mintonette game created by adopting four kinds of sports games into a single character, ie basketball, baseball, tennis, and the latter is a handball (handball). At first, this game was created specifically for YMCA members who are no longer young, so this game was made not as active-basketball games.


Mintonette name change became volleyball (volleyball) occurred in 1896, in his first game demonstration at the International YMCA Training School. In early 1896, Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick (Director of the Professional Physical Education Training School as well as the Executive Director of the Department of Physical Education of the International Committee of the YMCA) invited and asked Morgan to demonstrate the new game he had created in the new campus stadium. At a conference held at the campus YMCA, Springfield was also attended by the entire physical education instructor. On the occasion, Morgan brought the two teams in each team of five people.

now already know what it actually Volleyball. nah of it does not hurt us to know the ins and outs of the game also in Indonesia's Volleyball how ?, In Indonesia alone volleyball began to grow rapidly in 1962, just before the ASEAN GAMES Geneto IV in 1962 and 1 in 1963 in Jakarta. already in the know yet the parent organization of volleyball in Indonesia? ... Just a little bit of information that the parent organization of the game of volleyball itself in Indonesia known as PBVSI (unity volleyball throughout Indonesia) which was established on January 22, 1955 in Jakarta simultaneously ongoing national championships volley ball first.

Regulation initially not specified any number of players in a team. In 1986 the name was changed to the game Volley Ball by AL Fred T. Halstead, who have watched this game, assume that the volleyball ball is more appropriate to be the name of this game, given the characteristics of this game is played with a lobbed the ball before the ball hits the ground.

Since it is not only played volleyball field covered but open field, yard-school yard, on beaches and other open place. The game is gaining popularity among both young and old, because it does not require a field that is too broad and the price is relatively cheaper and can be played by many people at once together.

Here are presented the changes rules of the game of volleyball in outline from year to year as follows:
1.) In 1912 introduced a system of rotation.
2.) In 1917 the system was replaced with 21 points 15 points system.
3.) In 1918 the team set only six people who are in the squad and net height is 8 feet (2.43 meters)
4.) In 1921 set the midline below the net.
5.) In 1922 each team allowed to play each ball only three times and then had to be ferried stricken opponent.
6.) 1990 points system came into effect on 21 points for a set.
(Hery Koesyanto, 2004: 2)

In Indonesia, a volleyball game known since 1928, was brought by the Dutch teachers who teach in schools lajutan, but at the time was not yet popular among the public. In the Japanese colonial era, many Japanese soldiers contributing to introduce this game to the public.

Well it was a bit of knowledge about the history of the game of volleyball. want to know also how to play volleyball right, first learn the basic techniques of the game of volleyball.
thanks,
May be useful.

Athletics

Athletics is a combination of several types of exercise that can be broadly grouped into running, throwing, and jumping. This word comes from the Greek word "athlon" meaning "contest". Athletics is a sport competed at the first Olympic games in 776 BC. Parent organization for athletic sports in Indonesian is PASI (Indonesian Athletics Association).

 

History,

Athletics was the original event at the first Olympics in 776 BC where the only event is race or stade. There are several "Games" held during the classical era Europe: Panhellenic Games The Pythian Games (starting 6 BC) held in Argolid every two years. The Isthmian Games (founded 523 BC) held on the Isthmus of Corinth every two years. The Roman Games Coming from a purely Greek roots, the Roman games deemphasized run and throw. Instead of chariot racing and wrestling like Greek, Etruscan sports wear galiatoral battle, which also equally 527 BC held in Delphi every four years. The Nemean Games (starting 51 wear stage). Other communities enjoyed athletic contests, like the Celtic, Teutonic, and the Goths who also favored the Romans. However, these were often associated with combat training. In medieval times the son of a nobleman will be trained in running, fighting and grappling and additional riding, archery and weapons training. Contests between rivals and friends are very common in formal and informal arenas.

In the 19th century the formal organization of the modern event begins. This includes the regular sports and exercise into school regimes. The Royal Military College, Sandhurst has claimed to use this first in 1812 and 1825 but without any real evidence. The meeting was organized at Shrewsbury, Shropshire in 1840 by the Royal Shrewsbury School Hunt. There are details of the meeting series, written 60 years later by CT Robinson who was a pupil there from 1838 to 1841. eeck Military Academy at Woolwich held a competition organized in 1849, but the first regular series of meetings was held at Exeter College, Oxford from 1850.

Modern athletics are usually organized around 400m on the track in nearly all the events take place. Field events (jumping and throwing) usually wears a place in the track. Athletics was included in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 and formed the basics then. Women were first allowed to participate in track and field events in the Olympics in 1928. An international governing body, the IAAF was founded in 1912. The IAAF established separate outdoor World Championships in 1983. There are several games and the European Championships, the Pan-American Games and the Commonwealth Games. In addition there are professional Golden League circuit, cumulating in the IAAF World Athletics Final and indoor championships such as the World Indoor Championships. The sport has a high profile during major championships, especially the Olympics, but others are less popular.

AAU (Amateur Athletic Union) is the governing body in the United States until it collapsed under the pressure of professionalism at the end of 1970. A new body called The Athletics Congress (TAC) was formed, and eventually was named USA Track and Field (USATF or USA T & F). An additional, more structured organization, the Road Runners Club of America (RRCA) also exists in the USA to promote road racing. In modern times, athletes can now receive money from the race, ending called "amateurism" that existed previously.
Indoor track and field

There are two seasons in track and field. There is an indoor season, during the winter and an outdoor season, held during the spring and summer. Most indoor tracks are 200 meters and consists of four to six lanes. Often an indoor track will have banked turns to compensate for tight bends. In indoor track athletes competing at the outdoor track events with the exception of the 100 m and 110 / 100m hurdles haling (replaced with 60m and 60m sprint hlang hurdles at most levels and sometimes the 55m sprint and 55m hurdles at the high school level) and run 10,000 m, brisk walking 300m, and 400m hurdles haling. Indoor also got an additional 3,000 m run normally at both the collegiate and elite instead of the 10,000. 5.000m marathon is an event run by far the most common, although there are situations where longer distances have been raced. In the mid-20th century, there was a duel race series at Madison Square Garden (New York) indoor track, some featuring two men racing a marathon (26.2 miles). However, this is very rare. In certain circumstances, there is also a 500m race than 400 m normally found outdoors, and on-campus championships indoors both are contested.

In the field events, indoor meets only feature the high jump, pole vault, long jump, triple jump and shoot. Sheet javelin, hammer and discus throws bullets are added only for outdoor, there is normally not enough space in an indoor stadium in the race. Events unique to indoor meets (especially in North America) are weight throw 300, 600, 1000 and 35 pounds. In other countries, notably Norway, standing long jump and high jump stand also contested, bahkn in the National Championship for multi-event athletes there is the Pentathlon for women (consisting of 60m hurdles, long jump, shot put and 800m) and heptathlon for men (ie 60m hurdles, long jump, shot put, 60m run, pole vault and 1000m run) indoor. For existing outdoor heptathlon and decathlon for women
Outdoor track and field

Outdoor track and field season usually begins and ends during the spring. Most of the track is oval to 400m circumstances. However, some older tracks are 440 yards in length, where there are some tracks that are not oval and not 400m / 440 yards due to geographical circumstances. Modern trajectory with a rubberized surface, and the older tracks use sand or gravel. Tracks normally 6-10 lines and can include a step and sewer lines at one of the turns. This steeplechase pit outside or inside the track, making a tighter turn or width. It is common that tracks will surround a playing field used for American football, soccer, or lacrosse. In this field generally known in the field and a surface wear artificial grass or carpet, and a team diaman long held a camp for the tournament. But the javelin, hammer and discus are usually contested off the field in another field because it requires a large amount of space, and implementation may be used to damage the field or track.
event

There are other variations besides the ones listed below, but races of unusual length (eg 300 m) held less frequently. Unusual races are typically held during indoor season due to 200m indoor track. With the exception of a mile run, races based on imperial distances are rarely held at the track since most of the track changed from a quarter mile (402,3m) to 400m. Almost all the record for distance kingdom has been discontinued. However, the IAAF record book still includes the mile world record (held by Hicham El Guerrouj of Morocco and Svetlana Masterkova of Russia for women) due to the significant difference worldwide.


    - Running Event event-driven run on the track 400m.
        - Sprint: events including 400m. Common event is 60m (indoor only), 100m, 200m and 400m.
        - Distance Medium: events from 800m to 3000m, 800m, 1500m, a mile and 3000m.
            - Steeplechase - a race (usually 300m) in which runners must negotiate barriers and water obstacles.
        - Long distance: running above 5000 m. Usually 5000 m and 10000 m. less common are 1, 6, 12, 24 hours race.
        - Obstacle: 110 m high hurdles (100m for women) and 400 m haling intermediate hurdles (300 m in some high school).
        - Relay: 4 x 100m relay, 4 x 400 m relay, 4 x 200 m relay, 4 x 800 m relay, etc. Some events, such as the medley relay, the relay carnival rarely run except large.
    -Running the streets: held on the open road, but usually end on the track. Regular event is 5km, 10km, half-marathon and marathon.
   - Fast road race regular event is 10km, 20km and 50km.
-Field events

•          Event throw
•              Shot put
•              Shot put
•              Javelin
•              Throwing
•          Event jump
•              High jump
•              Pole vault
•              Long jump
•              Triple jump
•          Which is very unusual
•              Standing high jump
•              Standing long jump
•              Standing triple jump
•      Double event or combination
•          Triathlon / Triathlon
•          Pentathlon / Pentathlon
•          heptathlon
•          Decathlon / Decathlon

World Football History

Football history is the history of a game that eventually evolved into an amazing sports phenomenon.

History of football as a sport started the 2nd century and the 3rd BC in China. During the Han dynasty, the public dribble kicked skin with small nets and called Tsu Chu. The game was contested for the physical training of soldiers and the Emperor's birthday. A similar game played in Japan with the title Come. In Italy, the game kicking and carrying the ball is also popular, especially start of the 16th century.

Modern football began to develop in the UK and became very popular. In some competitions, the game generated a lot of violence during the game so that the end of King Edward III banned the sport was played in 1365. King James I of Scotland also support a ban to play football.

In the Year 1815, a major cause of football development became famous in the university and the school environment. The birth of modern football occurred in the Freemasons Tavern in 1863 when 11 schools and clubs gathered to formulate basic rules for the game of football. At the same time a clear separation between the rugby football. In 1869 brings the ball with his hands on the football started prohibited. During the 1800s, the sport was brought by sailors, merchants, and British troops to various parts of the World.

Asosiation Federation Internationale de Football (FIFA)

In 1904, the highest association football world began to be formed under the name of FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). FIFA was formed on May 21, 1904, and has the slogan For The Game. For The World. FIFA is based in Zurich, Switzerland. FIFA is the international football governing baddan Boal, FIFA also promotes football, regulate the transfer of players between teams, giving the title of FIFA World Player and FIFA world rankings list published each month.

There is one of the most important competitions organized by FIFA in the world of international football that is the World Cup Football is often called the World Cup alone (formerly Indonesia had joined the know). World Cup finals tournament is a showcase of the most watched sport in the world even more than the Olympics.

Notions in Football

Football is a ball game played by two teams, each consisting of 11 people.

A. Rules football
Official rules football game (Laws / Rules of the Game) is:

Rule 1: Field football
Rule 2: Ball
Rule 3: Number of Players
Rule 4: Equipment Players
Rule 5: Referees are set matches
Rule 6: The assistant referee
Rule 7: Old Games
Rule 8: Balls Out and In the Field
Rule 9: How to Get Figures
Rule 10: Offside
Rule 11: Breach
Rule 12: Free kick
Rule 13: Kick
Rule 14: Shot in the
Rule 15: Goal kick

In addition to international rules above, the decisions of the Regional Football Association Board (IFAB) others also add rules in football.

B. The purpose of the game Football

Two teams, each consisting of 11 people fighting to insert a round ball into the opponent's goal ("scoring"). The team that scored more goals is the winner (usually within 90 minutes, but there are other ways to determine a winner if a tie). will be held 2x 15 minutes extra time and if the result is still the accretion time series will be held on penalties which each team will be given five times the chance to kick the ball toward the goal from the penalty spot inside the goalkeeper area until the results can be determined. Regulation of the most important in achieving this goal is the players (except the goalkeeper) must not touch the ball with their hands while it is in the game.

C. Games Football
The tactics used by the football clubs are as follows:

4-4-2 (classic: four fullbacks / skipper)
4-4-2 (with two winger)
4-4-1-1 (2 pairs winger, attacking midfielder and striker one single)
4-2-4 (2 wings)
4-3-2-1 (3 central midfield players, two attacking midfielders and a lone striker)
4-3-1-2 (4 defenders, 3 defensive midfielders, 1 attacker hole, 2 strikers)
4-5-1 (4 defenders, 2 wings, 3 midfielders, strikers 1)
4-3-3 (4 defenders, 3 defensive midfielders, two strikers wings, one central striker)
4-2-3-1 (2 central defenders, two fullbacks, 2 winger, 1 attacker holes, 1 striker)
4-3-3 (2 fullbacks, two central defenders, two wings, one defensive midfielder, 3 central striker)
4-1-4-1 (four defenders, one defensive midfielder, 4 midfielders, strikers 1)
3-4-3 (with winger)
3-5-2 (with libero / sweeper)
3-5-2 (without libero / sweeper)
3-6-1
5-4-1

Tactics used by a team always change depending on the conditions that occur during the game progresses. In essence there are three tactics used were; Defense, Attack, and Normal.

D. Official Football

A match was ruled by a referee who has "full authority to run the game as Game Rules in a game that has diutuskan him" (Rule 5), and the decisions that match the issuance considered final. The referee is assisted by two assistant referees (formerly called the judge / linesman). In much of the match referee is also assisted by a fourth official who can replace a more official if required.In addition they also need tools to help the game such as:

board replacement players
tables and chairs

E. Rules Football

A. Field Football game

Standard field size

Size: length of 100-110 m wide x 64-75 m
Boundary lines: the line width ... cm, which touch on the side line, goal line at the ends, and transverse center of the field; ... M the middle of the circle; there is no barrier or board
Penalty area: arc measuring 18 m from each post
Penalty line: ... m from the midpoint of the goal line
The second penalty line: ... m from the midpoint of the goal line
Turnover Zone: area ... m (... m on each side of the center line of the field) on the stands side of the pitching
Hurdles: 7 m width x height 2.5 m
Surface area of pitching: smooth, flat, and not abrasive

B. ball

Size: 68-70 cm
Circumference: 10 cm
Weight: 410-450 grams
Bounce: 1000 cm on the first reflection
Material: rubber or synthetic rubber (artificial)

C. team

Maximum number of players to start a game: 11, one keeper
Maximum number of players out of the field (not including injuries): 4
Maximum number of reserve players: 12
Number of referees: 1
Total linesman: 2-4
Limit the number of substitutions: 3 except test match

D. Supplies game

Shirts numbered (since 1954)
shorts
sock
Shin guards
Footwear rubber bersolkan

E. Old games

Old Normal: 2 × 45 minutes
Long break: 15 minutes
Long extension of time: 2 × 15 minutes (if the result is still a draw after 2 x 45 minutes of normal time)
There is a penalty shootout if the number of goals both teams finished the series in overtime.
Time-outs: 1 per team per round; none in extra time
The turn round time: maximum 15 minutes

Referee as a measure of official time

The referee who officiated assisted a number 1 and 2 as a linesman. Then the referee assisted backup help in case of substitutions and announced additional time. At the 2006 World Cup, officials used to-five. The use of two referees had been tried in copa italia.Penggunaan 4 linesman reportedly also tested in the 2010 World Cup, where 2 of them are behind the goal.

G. Experiments using the golden goal and silver goal

See: Silver goal; Golden goal.

In the late 1990s, the IFAB trying to make the game more likely to end without requiring a penalty shootout, which is often regarded as a less precise way to end the game.

An example is the silver goal system that ended the game if a goal is scored in the first overtime, and the golden goal that ended the game if a goal is scored in the second overtime.

Both of these systems have been discontinued by IFAB.

H. major international championship

The biggest international championship soccer World Cup is organized by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association. The World Cup is held every four years. More than 190 national team competed in the regional qualifying tournament for a spot in the finals. Tournament finals are held for four weeks now involves 32 national team (up from 24 in 1998).
Major international championships in every continent are:

Europe: European Cup or known by the name of Euro
South America: Copa América
Africa: African Cup of Nations
Asia: Asian Cup
North America: CONCACAF Gold Cup
Oceania: OFC Nations Cup

I. World Cup mini (Confederations Cup)

The event rate of the biggest clubs in Europe is the Champions League, while in South America is the Copa Libertadores. In Asia, the Asian Champions League is the biggest club-level tournament.

Football has been played in the Olympics since 1900 (except for the 1932 Olympic Games in Los Angeles). Originally this was only to amateur players, but since the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics professional players also started to come into play, along with the rules that prevented states rather than play their strongest team. At this time, the men's Olympic tournament for the U-23 tournament which may ditamnbahi 3 players above the age. As a result, the tournament does not have international interests and prestige are the same as the World Cup, or even with the Euro, the Copa America or Africa Cup of Nations.

In contrast, the Olympic tournament for women carrying almost the same prestige as the FIFA Women's World Cup; The tournament is played by international teams complete without age restrictions.

J. Football in Indonesia

The game of football in Indonesia are also growing rapidly. It is characterized by the establishment of Football Association of Indonesia (PSSI) in 1930 in Yogyakarta, chaired by Soeratin Sosrosoegondo. To appreciate his services, starting in 1966 held Soeratin Cup football championship (Soeratin Cup) football championship level that teenage cadets. Until now the football game favored by almost all levels of society in Indonesia.